1. What had helped the study of the structure of antibodies in 1970?
- 1) Cancer myeloma B-cell
- 2) Killer cells
- 3) Red blood cells
- 4) APC
Answer: 1)
Explanation: In 1970 a new discovery said that B-cell cancer myeloma produces a single type of antibody. This discovery was used to study the structure of antibodies. But it was not possible to produce identical antibodies which will be specific to given genera.
2. Who invented the process of producing monoclonal antibodies in 1975?
- 1) Robert Hook
- 2) Georges Köhler and César Milstein
- 3) Watson and Creek
- 4) Albert Einstein
Answer: 2)
Explanation: The process of producing monoclonal antibodies invented by Georges Köhler and César Milstein in 1975. They shared Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1984 for the discovery. The key idea was to use a line of myeloma cells that had lost their ability to secrete antibodies and come up with a technique to fuse these cells with healthy antibody producing B-cells.
3. MCA are antibodies that are non-identical.
Answer: 1)
Explanation: MCA is antibodies that are identical because they were produced by one type of immune cell (B cell), all clones of a single parent cell. Given any substance, it is possible to create monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to that substance; they can then serve to detect or purify that substance. This has become an important tool in biochemistry, molecular biology, and medicine.
4. What has become an important tool in biochemistry, molecular biology, and medicine?
- 1) PCR
- 2) MCA
- 3) Genome sequencing
- 4) DNA structure
Answer: 2)
Explanation: MCA or monoclonal antibodies are a very important tool in the field of biochemistry, molecular biology, and medicine. Through this process, it is possible to create monoclonal antibodies which will be specifically binding to that substance. This tool is very safe, the mouse used don't have to be killed, the safety and accuracy are high.
5. For how many weeks should you titer the Flow cytometry solution to get pure antigen?
- 1) 2 weeks
- 2) 7 weeks
- 3) 3 weeks
- 4) 1 month
Answer: 1)
Explanation: The flow cytometry has to be titer for 2 weeks. This is because the flow cytometry is a piece of very sensitive equipment. Once it has taken the input the output cannot be changed. It separates cells on the basis of size, the granularity of the cell, charge (if present).
6. What do you add to Myeloma cells to receive HGPRT- myeloma cells?
- 1) Carbon dioxide flush
- 2) Nitrogen flush
- 3) Azaguanine
- 4) 8 - Azaguanine
Answer: 4)
Explanation: The myeloma cells harvested from the antigen injected mouse has to be added with 8-Azaguanine. 8-Azaguanine tends to stop the de novo pathway of and the cells which cannot survive will die. Myeloma cells which are HGPRT- will be the only cells growing in the culture due to the presence of the compound. These cells will have high viability and rapid growth.
7. What do we get when we fuse Spleen cells and Myeloma cells?
- 1) Cancer myeloma B-cell
- 2) Killer cells
- 3) Red blood cells
- 4) Hybridoma cells
Answer: 4)
Explanation: Spleen cells are fused with myeloma cells to get hybridoma cells. The fusion has to be done in PEG. The growth medium has to be feeder cells. Plating of the cells should be in HAT medium. Through ELISA we can determine the growth.
8. What is the method to harvest monoclonal antibodies from the positive clones?
- 1) Tissue culture method
- 2) one a single media plate
- 3) Bioreactors
- 4) Subculture in the new medium
Answer: 1)
Explanation: Harvesting of myeloma cells can be done in both in vitro and in vivo methods. In in vitro, the cells can be propagated in bioreactors with sufficient nutrient, pH control, oxygen, sterile environment. And these can also be propagated in vivo by injecting them into a mouse and just feeding and taking proper care of the mouse.
9. The cell fusion happens between spleen cells and _____
- 1) Leukocytes
- 2) Myeloma cells
- 3) Cancer cell
- 4) Red blood cells
Answer: 2)
Explanation: The fusion of the cells is done between spleen cells and myeloma cells. The fusion should be done on a PEG medium. The cell plating should be done in HAT medium so that only hybridoma cells are alive after the required time. The scanning of the viable cells can be done by flow cytometry.
