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Biosensor Variants
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Questions and Answers - Biosensor Variants
1. Which of the following is false for a biosensor?
  • 1) Don't connect to a transduction element
  • 2) Uses a biological recognition
  • 3) Capable of providing specific information
  • 4) Self-contained integrated device
 Answer: 1)
 Explanation: A biosensor is an integrated device which is capable of providing quantitative analytical information using a biological recognition element. This element will be in direct contact with a transduction element. An enzyme electrode is a biosensor. It's a sensor that integrates a biological element with a transducer such that it can produce an electronic signal.
2. Who is the father of Biosensor?
  • 1) Einstein
  • 2) Professor Leland C Clark Jnr
  • 3) Thomas Alva Edison
  • 4) Robert hook
 Answer: 2)
 Explanation: The father of biosensor is Professor Leland C Clark Jnr. The first report on the immobilization of proteins adsorption of invertase on activated charcoal was in the year 1916. The first glass pH electrode was invented in 1922. Clerk in 1956 published his paper on the oxygen electrode.
3. Which of the statement for a biosensor is false?
  • 1) Response time should be low
  • 2) Chemicals Interference must be minimized for obtaining the correct result
  • 3) Value of the electrode response per substrate concentration should be low
  • 4) The linearity of the sensor should be "high"
 Answer: 3)
 Explanation: Linearity of the sensor should be "high" for the detection of high substrate concentration. The sensitivity should be high to detect the substrate concentration. Selectivity should be high so that chemicals interference is minimized for obtaining the correct result.
4. Which of the following defines an analyte?
  • 1) The component which gives background noise
  • 2) The component which should not be detected
  • 3) The concentration of the molecule
  • 4) Any molecule may be protein, toxin, antigen, etc.
 Answer: 4)
 Explanation: Analyte is a molecule of protein, toxin, peptide, vitamin sugar, metal ion, etc. The sample or the analyte can be delivered as a solution. Detection or recognition is how specifically they recognize the analyte. Signal tells us a positive or negative result.
5. In a pregnancy kit, which molecule does the kit actually test for?
  • 1) Amniotic fluid test
  • 2) HCG test
  • 3) Blood test
  • 4) Baby's urine test
 Answer: 2)
 Explanation: HCG or human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone which is released during pregnancy. It is the only hormone which is detectable only in pregnant women. Even the presence of a very minute amount of HCG will give a positive result for the pregnancy.
6. Which of the following is a characteristic of calorimetric biosensors?
  • 1) Detects the angle at which electrons are emitted
  • 2) Detects the movement of electrons between electrodes
  • 3) Detects the photon out for luminescent
  • 4) Detects the change in light adsorption
 Answer: 4)
 Explanation: Calorimetric biosensors measure the changes in the colour. It measures the changes in light absorption. Many enzymes catalysed reactions are exothermic. The change in temperature can also be detected by the transducer.
7. Which of the following is a characteristic of photometric biosensors?
  • 1) Detects the angle at which electrons are emitted
  • 2) Detects the movement of electrons between electrodes
  • 3) Detects the photon out for luminescent
  • 4) Detects the change in light adsorption
 Answer: 3)
 Explanation: Photon output for a luminescent or fluorescent process can be detected with photomultiplier tubes or photodiode systems. The light produced can be detected photometrically by use if high voltage photomultiplier tubes.
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of electrochemical biosensors?
  • 1) Detects the angle at which electrons are emitted
  • 2) Detects the movement of electrons between electrodes
  • 3) Detects the photon out for luminescent
  • 4) Detects the change in light adsorption
 Answer: 2)
 Explanation: For a given applied current, electrochemical biosensors study the movement of the electrons in redox reactions detected when a potential is applied between two electrodes. Thus, these biosensors can detect the change of the electron flow due to any reaction.
9. Which of the following is a characteristic of piezoelectric biosensors?
  • 1) Detects the angle at which electrons are emitted
  • 2) Detects the movement of electrons between electrodes
  • 3) Detects the photon out for luminescent
  • 4) Detects the change in light adsorption
 Answer: 1)
 Explanation: Piezo-electric devices uses gold to detect the specific angles of the emitted electron waves. When the substance is emitted to the laser light it will emit electron waves. These waves vibrate under the influence of an electric field.
10. Which of the following is a characteristic of DNA biosensors?
  • 1) Formation of DNA recognition layer
  • 2) Detects the movement of electrons between electrodes
  • 3) Detects the photon out for luminescent
  • 4) Detects the change in light adsorption
 Answer: 1)
 Explanation: Steps involved in electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensors, Formation of the DNA recognition layer, actual hybridization event, the transformation of the hybridization event into an electrical signal. Types of DNA biosensors are electrodes, chips, crystals.

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